mitre att&ck

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Urgent Security Alert: Critical Flaw in CrushFTP Puts Your Data at Risk (CVE-2025-31161)
What is CVE-2025-31161? CrushFTP is widely used by businesses to transfer files securely. CVE-2025-31161 is a critical flaw that impacts CrushFTP versions 10 (up to 10.8.3) and 11 (up to 11.3.0). The flaw is a type of authentication bypass, meaning attackers can skip the login process altogether. It’s easy for attackers to exploit remotely, requires no special access or user interaction, and can lead to the complete loss of data privacy, integrity, and system availability. It has a severity rating of 9.8 (“Critical”) in the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS). Initial confusion caused this vulnerability to be briefly identified as CVE-2025-2825, but the official and correct designation is CVE-2025-31161. How does this attack work? The problem lies in how CrushFTP handles certain security checks for incoming web requests. Essentially, there’s a small window during the login process where an attacker can trick the system. Here’s a quick explanation of how it works. A flaw in the security check CrushFTP has a specific part of its code that checks for secure login information. However, there’s a subtle error where an internal setting is accidentally set to “true” by default. Bypassing the password If the username in the attacker’s fake login information doesn’t contain a specific character (the tilde ‘~’), this “true” setting tells the system to skip the password check entirely. This means an attacker can log in as a legitimate user without knowing their password. Crafting a malicious request Attackers send a custom web request to the CrushFTP server, which includes fake security information and a specific cookie. By combining these elements, the attacker can trigger the vulnerability and gain unauthorized administrative access. Is your software vulnerable? Your CrushFTP version Is it vulnerable? Action required 10.0.0 through 10.8.3 YES Update immediately 11.0.0 through 11.3.0 YES Update immediately 10.8.4 or higher NO (it’s patched!) Verify your version 11.3.1 or higher NO (it’s patched!) Verify your version Evidence of active exploitation Active exploitation was reported shortly after the patches were released, with security firms observing widespread attacks as early as March 30-31, 2025. Initially, over 1,500 vulnerable CrushFTP instances were exposed online, with significant numbers in the United States. In the following weeks, hundreds of organizations remained unpatched. Upon successful entry, attackers often establish persistent access. This is done by creating new administrator accounts or deploying Remote Monitoring and Management (RMM) tools, such as MeshAgent or MeshCentral, and AnyDesk. Attackers also deploy Telegram bot binaries to steal system information and sensitive data. The “Kill Security” (or “Kill”) ransomware group has publicly claimed responsibility for some early exploitation efforts, announcing that they’ve obtained “significant volumes of sensitive data” and intend to extort victims. It highlights a trend where Managed File Transfer (MFT) solutions are increasingly targeted by ransomware and data extortion groups for their high-value data. The impact of a successful attack A successful exploit grants attackers unauthenticated administrative access, which has severe consequences: Full system compromise: Attackers can gain complete control over the CrushFTP application and the server it runs on. Data exfiltration: They can access and steal any sensitive data stored on the platform or accessible through it. Data integrity and ransomware: Attackers can modify, delete, or encrypt files, potentially deploying ransomware to disrupt operations and demand payments. Legal and regulatory implications: Organizations may face significant fines, reputational damage, and legal liabilities if personal data is compromised, with strict notification deadlines (e.g. 72 hours under GDPR). How to protect your organization The attack’s multi-layered approach combines technical exploitation with advanced social engineering to bypass security controls and user vigilance. It’s essential to take the following steps to protect your organization. Apply updates immediately UPDATE NOW: Immediately update all CrushFTP installations to version 10.8.4 or later or 11.3.1 or later. Only obtain updates from the official CrushFTP website. Deploy patches: CrushFTP doesn’t have automatic updates, so enterprises need to apply proactive, centralized patching. Verify updates: Ensure updates are successfully applied across your environment. Be proactive with security measures and hardening Enforce strong passwords: Mandate strong, unique passwords for all CrushFTP accounts, especially administrators. Monitor logs comprehensively: Actively monitor CrushFTP server logs (especially \logs\session_logs) for suspicious activity, like new accounts, unusual access, or RMM tool deployments. Layer your security: Employ strong email and web filtering, advanced endpoint detection and response (EDR), and network segmentation. Restrict network access: Limit CrushFTP access to only trusted clients and IP ranges. Assess and remediate compromise Applying the patch alone will not remove any existing access gained by attackers who exploited the vulnerability before the software update. Given active exploitation has been confirmed, you should assume potential prior compromise and take the following steps: Assess for unauthorized access: If you were running a vulnerable version, conduct a thorough assessment immediately for signs of compromise going back to at least March 30, 2025. Conduct forensic analysis: Examine server logs for new user accounts, modified user properties, or deployed RMM tools and malware. Remediate existing compromises: Remove unauthorized accounts, change all legitimate CrushFTP passwords, and remove any deployed malware. If necessary, restore systems from clean, verified backups. Address legal obligations: If a data breach is confirmed, promptly fulfill data protection (e.g. GDPR) and industry-specific regulatory obligations, including potential notifications. This vulnerability highlights the need to continuously monitor systems, stay informed about threats, and adopt a layered security approach to protect critical infrastructure. Conclusion The critical CrushFTP vulnerability puts a spotlight on the fast-paced world of cyber threats. In addition to patching and implementing security processes, it’s vital to run organizational exercises. Regularly practicing incident response through drills and simulations helps your team reinforce existing policies and processes. This preparation allows them to respond effectively when similar vulnerabilities emerge, reducing potential harm and protecting sensitive data. Share your thoughts Has your business been affected by the CVE-2025-31161 flaw or something similar? How do you stay up to date with the latest cyber threats and keep your team alert to risks? Let us know in the comments below.
KitHudson
2 months ago Place The Human Connection Blog
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Inconsistency in Cybersecurity Training Programs
Bridging the gap with existing frameworks A major issue in the cybersecurity landscape is the inconsistency in training programs and the gap between what's taught and the skills that businesses need. This highlights the urgent need for robust, standardized frameworks to bridge this divide for educators, students, and employers. This is where frameworks like the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) and the National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education (NICE) come into play. These frameworks establish a consistent, industry-relevant foundation for teaching and learning cybersecurity. By aligning coursework with real-world demands, the frameworks ensure training programs are both effective and efficient. Standardized learning objectives that align to NIST-NICE frameworks NIST and NICE frameworks are crucial for aligning education with industry needs and training a cybersecurity workforce equipped to handle evolving threats. This alignment bridges the knowledge gap and fosters a stronger cybersecurity workforce. How can aligning to NIST-NICE help? Here is a short list of additional value: Setting clear and standardized learning objectives, organizations can ensure that their workforce is equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills to address the industry’s challenges and demands. This enhances individual professional growth and contributes to the overall success and resilience of the organization. Adopting a role-specific learning approach customizes education, boosting engagement and success by letting learners choose paths aligned with their preferred cybersecurity careers. In the rapidly evolving field of cybersecurity, a regularly updated standard framework is essential. It helps organizations adapt to emerging threats, equips the teams with necessary skills, and fosters continuous learning. Organizations can use the framework to assess their cybersecurity workforce needs and identify any skill gaps. This allows them to develop targeted training programs and recruit the right professionals to meet their cybersecurity requirements. Organizations can ensure that their cybersecurity workforce possesses the necessary competencies to effectively address industry challenges and enhance workforce competency. Lifelong learning and continuous professional development are essential in cybersecurity. The framework allows individuals to identify areas for improvement and pursue targeted training and career development. Conclusion: The NIST-NICE frameworks help organizations standardize cybersecurity workforce planning, enhance skill development, define job roles, and promote collaboration. Implementing the framework brings various benefits, including increased cybersecurity awareness, enhanced workforce competency, improved hiring practices, and continuous learning opportunities, leading to a more resilient organization. BUT And this is true for every framework out there: Don’t take it literally, without considering the specific context and requirements. To mitigate this downside, it’s important to approach frameworks as valuable references and starting points rather than strict rules. Organizations should consider their specific needs, goals, and constraints when applying a framework and be willing to adapt and customize it as required. It’s crucial to strike a balance between leveraging the framework’s guidance and maintaining flexibility to optimize solutions for the specific context. Did your training prepare you for the real-world challenges you face? Have you encountered gaps in knowledge or outdated information? Let's talk solutions! Share your experiences and ideas in the comments below. How can we ensure training programs are relevant, effective, and aligned with industry needs? Together, let's build a stronger defense by ensuring our cybersecurity workforce is equipped with the knowledge they need to succeed!
LukeKmiotek
6 months ago Place The Human Connection Blog
77Views
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I’m ready to put up MITREE 🎄 – but is my business ready with MITRE ATT&CK?
This blog post reviews the MITRE ATT&CK framework and discusses which tactics and techniques should warrant your attention over the upcoming holiday season. We’ll also show you how to use Immersive Labs to review your skills coverage, identify resource dependencies, and assign timely and relevant content using the MITRE ATT&CK framework.
EllaBendrickChartier
8 months ago Place The Human Connection Blog
161Views
3likes
4Comments
How Swisscom Emphasizes Cybersecurity Through Engaging and Meaningful Learning Experience
In 2023, Swisscom’s Hacktober event brought together colleagues and partners from across Switzerland in a fun, engaging, and meaningful month-long learning experience that emphasized cybersecurity.
KieranRowley
8 months ago Place The Human Connection Blog
300Views
7likes
2Comments

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This severe flaw allows attackers to bypass login protections and gain full control of vulnerable servers without a password. Cybercriminals are already actively exploiting this vulnerability in the wild, putting sensitive organizational data at immediate risk.","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":34},"postTime":"2025-06-10T02:17:14.652-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2025-06-10T02:17:14.652-07:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" What is CVE-2025-31161? \n CrushFTP is widely used by businesses to transfer files securely. CVE-2025-31161 is a critical flaw that impacts CrushFTP versions 10 (up to 10.8.3) and 11 (up to 11.3.0). \n The flaw is a type of authentication bypass, meaning attackers can skip the login process altogether. It’s easy for attackers to exploit remotely, requires no special access or user interaction, and can lead to the complete loss of data privacy, integrity, and system availability. \n It has a severity rating of 9.8 (“Critical”) in the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS). \n Initial confusion caused this vulnerability to be briefly identified as CVE-2025-2825, but the official and correct designation is CVE-2025-31161. \n How does this attack work? \n The problem lies in how CrushFTP handles certain security checks for incoming web requests. Essentially, there’s a small window during the login process where an attacker can trick the system. \n Here’s a quick explanation of how it works. \n \n \n A flaw in the security check CrushFTP has a specific part of its code that checks for secure login information. However, there’s a subtle error where an internal setting is accidentally set to “true” by default. \n \n \n Bypassing the password If the username in the attacker’s fake login information doesn’t contain a specific character (the tilde ‘~’), this “true” setting tells the system to skip the password check entirely. This means an attacker can log in as a legitimate user without knowing their password. \n \n Crafting a malicious request Attackers send a custom web request to the CrushFTP server, which includes fake security information and a specific cookie. By combining these elements, the attacker can trigger the vulnerability and gain unauthorized administrative access. \n \n Is your software vulnerable? \n \n Your CrushFTP version \n \n Is it vulnerable? \n \n Action required \n \n 10.0.0 through 10.8.3 \n \n YES \n \n Update immediately \n \n 11.0.0 through 11.3.0 \n \n YES \n \n Update immediately \n \n 10.8.4 or higher \n \n NO (it’s patched!) \n \n Verify your version \n \n 11.3.1 or higher \n \n NO (it’s patched!) \n \n Verify your version \n \n Evidence of active exploitation \n Active exploitation was reported shortly after the patches were released, with security firms observing widespread attacks as early as March 30-31, 2025. \n Initially, over 1,500 vulnerable CrushFTP instances were exposed online, with significant numbers in the United States. In the following weeks, hundreds of organizations remained unpatched. \n Upon successful entry, attackers often establish persistent access. This is done by creating new administrator accounts or deploying Remote Monitoring and Management (RMM) tools, such as MeshAgent or MeshCentral, and AnyDesk. \n Attackers also deploy Telegram bot binaries to steal system information and sensitive data. The “Kill Security” (or “Kill”) ransomware group has publicly claimed responsibility for some early exploitation efforts, announcing that they’ve obtained “significant volumes of sensitive data” and intend to extort victims. \n It highlights a trend where Managed File Transfer (MFT) solutions are increasingly targeted by ransomware and data extortion groups for their high-value data. \n The impact of a successful attack \n A successful exploit grants attackers unauthenticated administrative access, which has severe consequences: \n \n Full system compromise: Attackers can gain complete control over the CrushFTP application and the server it runs on. \n Data exfiltration: They can access and steal any sensitive data stored on the platform or accessible through it. \n Data integrity and ransomware: Attackers can modify, delete, or encrypt files, potentially deploying ransomware to disrupt operations and demand payments. \n Legal and regulatory implications: Organizations may face significant fines, reputational damage, and legal liabilities if personal data is compromised, with strict notification deadlines (e.g. 72 hours under GDPR). \n \n How to protect your organization \n The attack’s multi-layered approach combines technical exploitation with advanced social engineering to bypass security controls and user vigilance. It’s essential to take the following steps to protect your organization. \n \n \n Apply updates immediately \n \n \n UPDATE NOW: Immediately update all CrushFTP installations to version 10.8.4 or later or 11.3.1 or later. Only obtain updates from the official CrushFTP website. \n Deploy patches: CrushFTP doesn’t have automatic updates, so enterprises need to apply proactive, centralized patching. \n Verify updates: Ensure updates are successfully applied across your environment. \n \n \n Be proactive with security measures and hardening \n \n \n Enforce strong passwords: Mandate strong, unique passwords for all CrushFTP accounts, especially administrators. \n Monitor logs comprehensively: Actively monitor CrushFTP server logs (especially \\logs\\session_logs) for suspicious activity, like new accounts, unusual access, or RMM tool deployments. \n Layer your security: Employ strong email and web filtering, advanced endpoint detection and response (EDR), and network segmentation. \n Restrict network access: Limit CrushFTP access to only trusted clients and IP ranges. \n \n \n Assess and remediate compromise Applying the patch alone will not remove any existing access gained by attackers who exploited the vulnerability before the software update. Given active exploitation has been confirmed, you should assume potential prior compromise and take the following steps: \n \n \n \n \n \n Assess for unauthorized access: If you were running a vulnerable version, conduct a thorough assessment immediately for signs of compromise going back to at least March 30, 2025. \n Conduct forensic analysis: Examine server logs for new user accounts, modified user properties, or deployed RMM tools and malware. \n Remediate existing compromises: Remove unauthorized accounts, change all legitimate CrushFTP passwords, and remove any deployed malware. If necessary, restore systems from clean, verified backups. \n Address legal obligations: If a data breach is confirmed, promptly fulfill data protection (e.g. GDPR) and industry-specific regulatory obligations, including potential notifications. \n \n \n \n This vulnerability highlights the need to continuously monitor systems, stay informed about threats, and adopt a layered security approach to protect critical infrastructure. \n Conclusion \n The critical CrushFTP vulnerability puts a spotlight on the fast-paced world of cyber threats. \n In addition to patching and implementing security processes, it’s vital to run organizational exercises. Regularly practicing incident response through drills and simulations helps your team reinforce existing policies and processes. \n This preparation allows them to respond effectively when similar vulnerabilities emerge, reducing potential harm and protecting sensitive data. \n Share your thoughts \n Has your business been affected by the CVE-2025-31161 flaw or something similar? How do you stay up to date with the latest cyber threats and keep your team alert to risks? Let us know in the comments below. \n ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"7273","kudosSumWeight":1,"repliesCount":0,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuNHwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDE","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.immersivelabs.com/t5/s/dnvaw96485/images/bS0yNDEwLW9NS2xwYg?revision=1\"}"}}],"totalCount":1,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"coverImage":{"__typename":"UploadedImage","url":"https://community.immersivelabs.com/t5/s/dnvaw96485/images/bS0yNDEwLW9NS2xwYg?revision=1"},"coverImageProperties":{"__typename":"CoverImageProperties","style":"STANDARD","titlePosition":"BOTTOM","altText":""}},"Conversation:conversation:1588":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:1588","topic":{"__typename":"BlogTopicMessage","uid":1588},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2025-02-20T07:00:00.050-08:00","solved":false},"User:user:274":{"__typename":"User","uid":274,"login":"LukeKmiotek","registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null},"deleted":false,"avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://community.immersivelabs.com/t5/s/dnvaw96485/images/dS0yNzQtRHg5N1Zl?image-coordinates=0%2C0%2C512%2C512"},"id":"user:274"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.immersivelabs.com/t5/s/dnvaw96485/images/bS0xNTg4LWM4TFlNTg?revision=1\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.immersivelabs.com/t5/s/dnvaw96485/images/bS0xNTg4LWM4TFlNTg?revision=1","title":"SME Blog-3.jpg","associationType":"COVER","width":3200,"height":2000,"altText":""},"BlogTopicMessage:message:1588":{"__typename":"BlogTopicMessage","subject":"Inconsistency in Cybersecurity Training Programs","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:1588"},"id":"message:1588","entityType":"BLOG_ARTICLE","eventPath":"category:blogs/community:dnvaw96485board:the-human-connection-blog/message:1588","revisionNum":1,"uid":1588,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:the-human-connection-blog"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:274"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":"","introduction":"","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":77},"postTime":"2025-02-20T07:00:00.050-08:00","lastPublishTime":"2025-02-20T07:00:00.050-08:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Bridging the gap with existing frameworks \n A major issue in the cybersecurity landscape is the inconsistency in training programs and the gap between what's taught and the skills that businesses need. This highlights the urgent need for robust, standardized frameworks to bridge this divide for educators, students, and employers. \n This is where frameworks like the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) and the National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education (NICE) come into play. \n These frameworks establish a consistent, industry-relevant foundation for teaching and learning cybersecurity. By aligning coursework with real-world demands, the frameworks ensure training programs are both effective and efficient. \n Standardized learning objectives that align to NIST-NICE frameworks \n NIST and NICE frameworks are crucial for aligning education with industry needs and training a cybersecurity workforce equipped to handle evolving threats. This alignment bridges the knowledge gap and fosters a stronger cybersecurity workforce. \n How can aligning to NIST-NICE help? Here is a short list of additional value: \n \n Setting clear and standardized learning objectives, organizations can ensure that their workforce is equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills to address the industry’s challenges and demands. This enhances individual professional growth and contributes to the overall success and resilience of the organization. \n Adopting a role-specific learning approach customizes education, boosting engagement and success by letting learners choose paths aligned with their preferred cybersecurity careers. \n In the rapidly evolving field of cybersecurity, a regularly updated standard framework is essential. It helps organizations adapt to emerging threats, equips the teams with necessary skills, and fosters continuous learning. \n Organizations can use the framework to assess their cybersecurity workforce needs and identify any skill gaps. This allows them to develop targeted training programs and recruit the right professionals to meet their cybersecurity requirements. \n Organizations can ensure that their cybersecurity workforce possesses the necessary competencies to effectively address industry challenges and enhance workforce competency. \n Lifelong learning and continuous professional development are essential in cybersecurity. The framework allows individuals to identify areas for improvement and pursue targeted training and career development. \n \n Conclusion: \n The NIST-NICE frameworks help organizations standardize cybersecurity workforce planning, enhance skill development, define job roles, and promote collaboration. Implementing the framework brings various benefits, including increased cybersecurity awareness, enhanced workforce competency, improved hiring practices, and continuous learning opportunities, leading to a more resilient organization. \n BUT \n And this is true for every framework out there: \n Don’t take it literally, without considering the specific context and requirements. \n To mitigate this downside, it’s important to approach frameworks as valuable references and starting points rather than strict rules. Organizations should consider their specific needs, goals, and constraints when applying a framework and be willing to adapt and customize it as required. It’s crucial to strike a balance between leveraging the framework’s guidance and maintaining flexibility to optimize solutions for the specific context. \n Did your training prepare you for the real-world challenges you face? \n Have you encountered gaps in knowledge or outdated information? \n Let's talk solutions! Share your experiences and ideas in the comments below. How can we ensure training programs are relevant, effective, and aligned with industry needs? \n Together, let's build a stronger defense by ensuring our cybersecurity workforce is equipped with the knowledge they need to succeed! ","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})@stringLength":"3965","kudosSumWeight":1,"repliesCount":0,"readOnly":false,"images":{"__typename":"AssociatedImageConnection","edges":[{"__typename":"AssociatedImageEdge","cursor":"MjUuNHwyLjF8b3wyNXxfTlZffDE","node":{"__ref":"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.immersivelabs.com/t5/s/dnvaw96485/images/bS0xNTg4LWM4TFlNTg?revision=1\"}"}}],"totalCount":1,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"videos":{"__typename":"VideoConnection","edges":[],"totalCount":0,"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"coverImage":{"__typename":"UploadedImage","url":"https://community.immersivelabs.com/t5/s/dnvaw96485/images/bS0xNTg4LWM4TFlNTg?revision=1"},"coverImageProperties":{"__typename":"CoverImageProperties","style":"STANDARD","titlePosition":"BOTTOM","altText":""}},"Conversation:conversation:1177":{"__typename":"Conversation","id":"conversation:1177","topic":{"__typename":"BlogTopicMessage","uid":1177},"lastPostingActivityTime":"2024-12-16T08:20:22.712-08:00","solved":false},"User:user:43":{"__typename":"User","uid":43,"login":"EllaBendrickChartier","registrationData":{"__typename":"RegistrationData","status":null},"deleted":false,"avatar":{"__typename":"UserAvatar","url":"https://community.immersivelabs.com/t5/s/dnvaw96485/images/dS00My1sNDBDRUY?image-coordinates=145%2C122%2C750%2C727"},"id":"user:43"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.immersivelabs.com/t5/s/dnvaw96485/images/bS0xMTc3LWpnSkh3Zg?revision=7\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.immersivelabs.com/t5/s/dnvaw96485/images/bS0xMTc3LWpnSkh3Zg?revision=7","title":"SME Blog-4.jpg","associationType":"COVER","width":3200,"height":2000,"altText":""},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.immersivelabs.com/t5/s/dnvaw96485/images/bS0xMTc3LTA3ejFuSA?revision=7\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.immersivelabs.com/t5/s/dnvaw96485/images/bS0xMTc3LTA3ejFuSA?revision=7","title":"clipboard_image-1-1733157524140.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1202,"height":996,"altText":"Humorous image of a cat pawing at a decorated Christmas tree, crossed out with a red prohibition symbol. The text 'MITRE ATT&CK' is written across the image, with 'MITRE' at the top and 'ATT&CK' at the bottom, creating a playful reference to the cybersecurity framework"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.immersivelabs.com/t5/s/dnvaw96485/images/bS0xMTc3LWwxVU1HVA?revision=7\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.immersivelabs.com/t5/s/dnvaw96485/images/bS0xMTc3LWwxVU1HVA?revision=7","title":"clipboard_image-2-1733157584781.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1128,"height":564,"altText":"Meme image divided into two panels. The left panel features a still from the 'Woman Yelling at a Cat' meme, with a woman angrily pointing and labeled 'THREAT ACTORS.' The right panel shows a white cat sitting at a dining table with a confused expression, labeled 'MITRE ATT&CK,' humorously implying the cat's indifference or misunderstanding of the threat actors' accusations"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.immersivelabs.com/t5/s/dnvaw96485/images/bS0xMTc3LXV1anphRQ?revision=7\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.immersivelabs.com/t5/s/dnvaw96485/images/bS0xMTc3LXV1anphRQ?revision=7","title":"clipboard_image-3-1733157626830.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1600,"height":974,"altText":"Screenshot of the MITRE ATT&CK Framework, showing a matrix of techniques organized into columns by tactic. Each cell is color-coded to indicate coverage levels, with a key at the bottom left explaining the color coding: 'Highest,' 'Medium,' 'Lower,' 'Not Started,' and 'No Data Mapped.' The title at the top reads 'MITRE ATT&CK Framework,' and tabs at the top allow for switching between 'Personal View' and 'Organization View"},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.immersivelabs.com/t5/s/dnvaw96485/images/bS0xMTc3LWtHOWVPcw?revision=7\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.immersivelabs.com/t5/s/dnvaw96485/images/bS0xMTc3LWtHOWVPcw?revision=7","title":"clipboard_image-4-1733157725336.png","associationType":"BODY","width":650,"height":1144,"altText":"Dashboard displaying progress tracking for the phishing technique (T1566) under the MITRE ATT&CK Framework. The top section shows 'Phishing' with a 'Lower coverage' label and a brief description about adversaries using phishing to gain access to victim systems. Below are tabs labeled 'Progress (198)' and 'Labs (32).' Progress indicates 198 users are 'In progress' while 0 users are 'Completed.' A list of users is shown, including their status ('In progress') and number of labs completed (e.g., User Smith: 18/32, User West: 14/32, etc.)."},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.immersivelabs.com/t5/s/dnvaw96485/images/bS0xMTc3LXhEZEFOWg?revision=7\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.immersivelabs.com/t5/s/dnvaw96485/images/bS0xMTc3LXhEZEFOWg?revision=7","title":"clipboard_image-5-1733157801661.png","associationType":"BODY","width":837,"height":611,"altText":"Screenshot of a form interface for creating or customizing a lab collection titled 'MITRE Insights & Priorities for the *****-IL-Days.' The interface includes three steps in the process: '1. Details,' '2. Select Labs,' and '3. Review,' with 'Details' currently selected. Fields include 'Title,' with a character limit of 140, and 'Description,' with a limit of 2000 characters. The description reads, 'Labs to help build knowledge and skills over the holiday season for our Security team. These labs were curated specifically for our group as it relates to existing skills coverage on the team, industry priorities, and increased holiday risk areas.' There is an option to upload a custom cover image. On the right, a preview of the lab collection displays a placeholder image of a person in a winter jacket using a laptop outdoors."},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.immersivelabs.com/t5/s/dnvaw96485/images/bS0xMTc3LVh1dG9EVg?revision=7\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.immersivelabs.com/t5/s/dnvaw96485/images/bS0xMTc3LVh1dG9EVg?revision=7","title":"clipboard_image-6-1733157817878.png","associationType":"BODY","width":975,"height":713,"altText":"Interface showing the MITRE ATT&CK framework matrix in the 'Select Labs' stage of a lab creation process. The matrix is organized by tactics such as 'Resource Development,' 'Initial Access,' 'Execution,' 'Persistence,' 'Privilege Escalation,' and 'Defense Evasion,' with various techniques listed under each tactic. A key at the bottom left explains color-coded coverage levels, including 'Highest,' 'Medium,' 'Lower,' 'Not Started,' and 'No Data Mapped.' A selection bar at the top includes filtering options, such as 'By Category' and 'By MITRE ATT&CK.' Progress indicators at the top highlight the current stage ('2. Select Labs') in the three-step process ('1. Details,' '2. Select Labs,' '3. Review')."},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.immersivelabs.com/t5/s/dnvaw96485/images/bS0xMTc3LWNvV25LRg?revision=7\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.immersivelabs.com/t5/s/dnvaw96485/images/bS0xMTc3LWNvV25LRg?revision=7","title":"clipboard_image-7-1733157834375.png","associationType":"BODY","width":818,"height":724,"altText":"Interface showing a detailed view of the MITRE ATT&CK framework, focusing on techniques under 'Initial Access,' 'Execution,' and 'Persistence' columns on the left. Techniques like 'Hardware Additions' and 'Serverless Execution' are visible, with corresponding sub-techniques and coverage levels ('L' for lower, 'M' for medium). On the right, a list of labs is displayed, each associated with specific techniques. Labs such as 'Ransomware: LockBit' and 'APT43: Malware Analysis' are listed with a '+ Add' button to include them in a selection. A blue star marks the 'Ransomware: LockBit' lab, indicating attention or importance."},"BlogTopicMessage:message:1177":{"__typename":"BlogTopicMessage","subject":"I’m ready to put up MITREE 🎄 – but is my business ready with MITRE ATT&CK?","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:1177"},"id":"message:1177","entityType":"BLOG_ARTICLE","eventPath":"category:blogs/community:dnvaw96485board:the-human-connection-blog/message:1177","revisionNum":7,"uid":1177,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:the-human-connection-blog"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:43"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" This blog post reviews the MITRE ATT&CK framework and discusses which tactics and techniques should warrant your attention over the upcoming holiday season. \n We’ll also show you how to use Immersive Labs to review your skills coverage, identify resource dependencies, and assign timely and relevant content using the MITRE ATT&CK framework. ","introduction":"This blog post reviews the MITRE ATT&CK framework, and discusses which tactics and techniques that should warrant your attention over the upcoming holiday season.\n

\nWe’ll also show you how to use Immersive Labs to review your skills coverage, identify resource dependencies, and assign timely and relevant content using the MITRE ATT&CK framework.","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":161},"postTime":"2024-12-04T00:55:24.991-08:00","lastPublishTime":"2024-12-04T00:55:24.991-08:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" We’re just out of the proverbial woods after a very spooky hauntober and a frighteningly long list of new CVEs in November. 🙅‍♀️ I’m ready to be merry and make some memories around my tree. Are you? \n As you look to spirited times ahead, you need to think about how to protect your business in areas where your cyber skills may be weak, and how you can address the increased risks around the holiday season. \n Immersive Labs and the MITRE ATT&CK® framework can help! \n If you’re not familiar with MITRE, we’ll get acquainted quickly here. When you think about an incident, did the attacker go down the chimney or through the front door? Did they skulk under rugs and furniture to evade your surveillance while stealing secrets along the way? When the thief absconded, did they take the stocking, the gifts, the tree? \n \n The MITRE ATT&CK framework can be used to pin down what the grinch malicious actor did at a high level – this is a tactic. You can also drill deeper into the details of how – this is a technique. MITRE ATT&CK brings structure to the understanding of adversarial behavior, helps you identify attack types, and supports risk definition. \n \n Okay great! So what next? How can you use MITRE ATT&CK to tangibly protect your business when you look at training needs for the upcoming holiday season? How can you demonstrate that you’re addressing the increased risk this time of year from an upskilling and readiness perspective? \n Review your skills coverage \n The MITRE ATT&CK dashboard in the Immersive Labs platform provides a visual heat map of how every person's knowledge and skills stack up against the MITRE ATT&CK framework. Labs are mapped to appropriate tactics and techniques. The darker the blue, the more people who have completed labs associated with that technique and tactic combination. \n \n \n If you see large gaps around key risk areas, such as initial access or phishing techniques, you might want to focus on building knowledge and skills in these areas – especially before the holidays. \n Prioritize tactics and techniques \n Now that you’ve oriented your organization's knowledge and skills distribution against the framework, you’ll want to prioritize your upskilling efforts. \n First, review key risk areas and tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) for your business based on industry, the latest CVEs, and active threat actors. \n At present, CVE-2024-0012 and CVE-2024-9474 (Palo Alto PAN-OS) are top of mind for many in the technology sector. They map to technique T1068, Exploitation for Privilege Escalation. \n There’s also been noise around the threat actor Peach Sandstorm, which has a number of relevant TTPs. Think about which of these might be the most relevant or highest risk to your organization and how urgently you should address training needs for them. \n \n \n \n T1566.001: Spearphishing Attachment \n T1566.002: Spearphishing Link \n T1598: Phishing for Information \n T1598.003: Spearphishing Link \n \n \n \n Next, think about the fact that 48% of US shoppers report being targeted by some type of scam while holiday shopping online. And that's just users reporting what they think to be true. If an employee is finishing up tasks and makes a quick stop on social media, they could be one of the 37% of Americans who make a purchase through a social media advert. That could expose your corporate networks to phishing attacks and malware infections… definitely not nice. \n Given the nature of the season and the statistics already mentioned, it’s worth considering the key tactic of initial access, which involves techniques like phishing that can be prevalent with holiday-themed scams. \n \n T1190: Exploit Public Facing Application: Phishing emails with malicious links disguised as holiday greetings or shopping deals. \n T1566: Phishing: Spear phishing emails targeting specific employees with personalized holiday-themed content. \n \n Additionally, you should also prioritize techniques related to execution and credential access to prevent unauthorized access and detect any evasive actions by attackers. \n \n T1204: User Execution: Malicious attachments in holiday-themed emails that automatically execute when opened. \n T1189: Drive-by-Compromise: Visiting malicious websites embedded in holiday greeting cards or promotional links. \n T1110: Brute Force: Automated attempts to guess employee passwords using common holiday-related phrases. \n \n Persistence tactics are also crucial, as attackers might try and maintain access to systems during the holiday season when IT staff could be less vigilant. Attackers can create scheduled tasks to run malicious code during holiday downtime or capitalize on the increased network activity and user complacency during holidays to maintain a foothold on a system. \n \n T1053: Scheduled Task/Job: Creating a scheduled task to execute malware on a holiday-specific date or time. \n T1118: Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Configuring system settings to automatically run malicious code when a user logs in during a holiday period. \n \n Use the MITRE ATT&CK dashboard to identify resource dependencies \n Within any technique in the MITRE Dashboard, you can see both the user progress against mapped labs and the labs themselves. You can use this to infer resource dependencies or single points of failure around specific tactic and technique combinations. \n For example, say user Smith had completed 18 of the 32 labs mapped to Initial Access: T1566 Phishing assigned to each team member. User West has completed 14, Jones has completed 9, and Lee has completed 8. The MITRE Dashboard has identified this technique as lower coverage across your team. \n \n \n \n In this case, Smith and West are potential resource dependencies or single points of failure. If these two users were off work over the holidays, the covering team members might not have the same knowledge or skills to help with an investigation to do with this technique. \n To mitigate this, you could increase the breadth of coverage by having all other team members complete the same labs that Smith has completed. This could help to reduce the risk of single points of failure. \n It also might be worthwhile increasing the depth of knowledge across the team to get to medium or high coverage for the phishing tactic, thereby reducing resource dependencies further. \n Take action to protect your business! \n Assign content to cover: \n \n Skills coverage – gaps you identified with the MITRE ATT&CK Organization Dashboard \n Priority TTPs \n Resource dependency remediation \n \n Create a custom collection using the MITRE ATT&CK interface: \n As always, start by building out the collection details, including a title, description, and cover image. \n \n \n Then, select your labs by MITRE ATT&CK.. It’s the same interactive Organization View you’ve seen before… \n \n \n ...except you can add labs from the technique directly to your new collection! \n \n Consider teaching your team more about MITRE itself, or diving into specific high-risk holiday tactics this blog touches on! \n We have a MITRE ATT&CK collection that’s designed to be foundational. It includes labs focusing on each tactic, teaching learners how to recognize and protect against related attacks. The labs use the ATT&CK Navigator, an open-source tool, to map and understand these tactics and techniques. This approach helps users learn to identify and mitigate potential threats using a structured and widely recognized framework. \n For Initial Access, we have an Events & Breaches collection that includes labs on identifying spoofed domains in phishing emails and analyzing web traffic to identify threats. Additionally, the Threat Research collection contains labs on phishing techniques, providing practical exercises to enhance skills in recognizing and mitigating phishing attacks. \n We have a dedicated collection on Credential Access, with labs that provide practical experience in attacking password encryption methods, cracking hashed passwords, conducting brute force attacks, stealing user credentials, and more! This collection aims to enhance learners' understanding of credential access vulnerabilities and techniques used by hackers. \n Last, but certainly not least, we have a dedicated Persistence collection. These labs teach learners how to recognize and protect against malicious persistence attempts, covering techniques like COM hijacking, IFEO registry key injection, and other Linux persistence methods. The labs provide comprehensive training on detecting and mitigating persistence techniques used by attackers. \n Now, you’ve helped bolster your cyber resilience, and have better positioned yourself to protect the business! \n Share your thoughts \n Do you have any holiday cyber memes that the world must see? Did you learn a bit about MITRE ATT&CK and how to protect holiday cheer your business around the upcoming holidays? Comment below! \n 🔔 Don’t let your cyber resilience slip with the dropping temperatures. Make sure you're following the Human Connection Blog to get updates to your inbox! 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The first step was communication. Next came setup, which involved registration and team-building exercises. Then, participants had the choice of either following the main event, or doing the Swisscom Experience Labs. Next, participants were categorized into Beginner, Expert RED, and Expert BLUE levels, where they collect points. Finally, the top 10 teams in each category (Team Challenge and Experience Challenge) proceeded to the final stage."},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.immersivelabs.com/t5/s/dnvaw96485/images/bS00MDgtRkxOdnJN?revision=5\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.immersivelabs.com/t5/s/dnvaw96485/images/bS00MDgtRkxOdnJN?revision=5","title":"image.png","associationType":"BODY","width":834,"height":725,"altText":"A mind map of the Swisscom Hacktober 2023 structure. It begins with event promotion and marketing under the communication phase. The registration phase follows, detailing the launch email and registration steps, which are then divided into team-building and categorizing participants as Beginner, Offensive Expert, or Defensive Expert. Participants could optionally engage in Side Hustle Experience Labs, which offered activities such as workforce exercises, crisis management, and a McLaren cyber crisis exercise. The qualifications phase involved all teams competing within their chosen tracks on lab-based challenges. Teams were divided into three categories: Beginner, Offensive Expert, and Defensive Expert, each with specific challenges. The top 10 teams in each category advanced to the finals, where they competed in the tasks 'Mythical', 'Detecting Sliver', and 'The Heist'."},"AssociatedImage:{\"url\":\"https://community.immersivelabs.com/t5/s/dnvaw96485/images/bS00MDgtYzJhVHdS?revision=5\"}":{"__typename":"AssociatedImage","url":"https://community.immersivelabs.com/t5/s/dnvaw96485/images/bS00MDgtYzJhVHdS?revision=5","title":"image.png","associationType":"BODY","width":1028,"height":473,"altText":"An image of Swisscom's MITRE ATT&CK Framework from within the Immersive Labs platform. The majority of the image is blue, indicating good coverage of most tactics and techniques.."},"BlogTopicMessage:message:408":{"__typename":"BlogTopicMessage","subject":"How Swisscom Emphasizes Cybersecurity Through Engaging and Meaningful Learning Experience","conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:408"},"id":"message:408","entityType":"BLOG_ARTICLE","eventPath":"category:blogs/community:dnvaw96485board:the-human-connection-blog/message:408","revisionNum":5,"uid":408,"depth":0,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:the-human-connection-blog"},"author":{"__ref":"User:user:5"},"teaser@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" In 2023, Swisscom’s Hacktober event brought together colleagues and partners from across Switzerland in a fun, engaging, and meaningful month-long learning experience that emphasized cybersecurity. ","introduction":"In 2023, Swisscom’s Hacktober event brought together colleagues and partners from across Switzerland in a fun, engaging, and meaningful month-long learning experience that emphasized cybersecurity.","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":300},"postTime":"2024-08-30T10:57:33.639-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2024-11-28T03:02:30.816-08:00","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":true,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":true,\"removeTocMarkup\":true,\"truncateLength\":-1})":" Where and when did the program take place? \n Hacktober took place throughout October 2023 to coincide with Cybersecurity Awareness Month. It was a hybrid event, with participants connecting from 15 hub locations across Switzerland. It was full of security talks, virtual and on-site workshops, and Cyber Escape Rooms to stimulate the mind. Swisscom utilized Immersive Labs to run a multistage hackathon throughout Hacktober. \n Hacktober Stats: \n \n 15 partners \n 925 participants \n 34 security sessions and workshops \n \n What did Swisscom hope to achieve with the hackathon? \n The hackathon was designed to sharpen participants’ skills, apply their knowledge, and enhance problem-solving abilities in real-world scenarios. Swisscom also sought to benchmark cybersecurity skills, identify hidden talent, and foster collaboration and teamwork to improve situational awareness and decision-making. \n Apart from the technical cybersecurity aspects, the event also aimed to test participants' decision-making and judgment in simulated crisis situations. Through all these initiatives, Swisscom aimed to develop deeper relationships between team members and strengthen the cybersecurity capability of individuals, teams, organizations, and the entire nation of Switzerland! \n How was the hackathon structured? \n The Hackathon was structured as follows: \n \n \n Communication \n Successful event promotion drove engagement and participation. A series of marketing emails created excitement and emphasized collaborative learning. The launch email, in particular, sparked curiosity about cybersecurity and offered a sneak peek at the agenda. Opening the event to Swisscom’s partners encouraged collaboration and networking across Switzerland, broadening the event’s reach and inclusivity. \n Registration \n Upon registration, participants could choose their own adventure: \n \n Participate as an individual in the Experience Labs or, \n Participate as a team in the Main Event \n \n Experience Labs \n The Experience Labs encompassed a series of exercises and challenges as follows: \n Side Hustle \n The Side Hustle track was designed to familiarize participants with the Immersive Labs platform and its user interface before diving into the core event challenges. These tasks were aimed at participants who opted to engage only in this challenge from the start or those who didn’t make it to the event finals. The Side Hustle track didn’t contribute to any scores or leaderboards, but rather served as a preparatory stage for participants, ensuring they were comfortable navigating the event platform before facing the main challenges. \n Swisscom chose a selection of beginner difficulty Hands-on Labs, Crisis Simulations and Workforce Exercises with a focus on effective decision-making, situational awareness, communication skills and supply chain security. \n Lab Challenges \n The Lab Challenges were a set of exercises assigned to participants who didn’t wish to participate in the Main Event. They were also available to participants who had chosen to participate in the Main Event, but didn't succeed to the finals. \n The results of these challenges were collected in an Experience Labs leaderboard – a mini-competition for participants who didn’t want to participate in the main event. \n For this challenge, Swisscom chose a selection of beginner and intermediate difficulty Hands-on Labs from a range of different disciplines including Fundamentals, Defensive Security, Offensive Security, Cloud Security, Application Security, AI and IT-OT. \n The Main Event \n Qualification rounds \n During qualification, all teams competed in tasks of varying difficulty to showcase their skills. Beginner tasks focused on incident response, while expert tasks required advanced offensive and defensive skills. The top ten teams from each track advanced to the finals, ensuring that the most skilled teams faced the more intensive final challenges, creating a competitive and engaging event. \n For the qualification round, Swisscom chose a small number of expert difficulty Hands-on Labs from the Incident Response, Offensive Security and Defensive Security collections. \n Final round \n The Hacktober final saw the top ten teams tackling advanced challenges to win the title. Beginner teams faced the defensive scenario “Operation Kobold”. Expert teams faced either “The Heist” for offensive tracks or “Detecting Silver” for defensive tracks. Success was measured by the number of tasks completed in the least amount of time, crowning a winner in each track and culminating the event. \n For the final round, Swisscom chose a small number of expert difficulty Hands-on Labs and Team Simulations from the Incident Response, Offensive, Security, and Defensive Security collections. \n Event structure diagram \n \n What were the results? \n \n 351 participants from 15 Swiss organizations improved their situational awareness and decision-making abilities. \n 66 Teams attempted four different CTF challenges: \n \n \n \n \n CTF Beginner (3 teams) \n CTF Defensive (2 teams) \n CTF Offensive (10 teams) \n CTF Experience (51 teams) \n \n \n \n \n 225 users spent an average of 6 hours in labs \n 97 users spent an average of 5.7 hours in technical labs \n \n As a result, Swisscom turned their MITRE ATT&CK Framework blue in a single day: \n \n Do you have any thoughts or questions about the Hacktober event? Have you ever run a similar event using Immersive Labs? Please let us know in the comments below. \n This is part 1 of a 2 part blog. Click here to read part 2. 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